Hanafi school of thought - Feb 5, 2022 There are four classical schools of thought about fiqh (Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafii, Maliki).

 
The scholars of the principles of Fiqh have clearly stated that just as a certain amount of knowledge is required for the understanding of the Quran, there is also a. . Hanafi school of thought

The other three major schools of Islamic law are Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali. Both sects are subdivided into various schools. It is followed by about one-third of the world&x27;s Muslims, making it the school with the most adherents. While making laws related to family, Hanafi school of thought is followed in our country. Hanafi is considered more flexible than other approaches to Sharia. Muslim scholars have discussed on the issue of permissibility of demolishing and selling a mosque if circumstances render to it. The Hanafi school is of the opinion that a written contract is valid provided the bride and the groom are not present together at the place of. They are Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafa&39;i and Hanbali. 1 day ago The Hanafi school of thought focuses on belief rather than practice in the upholding of Islam. The anaf legal school (madhhab) developed from the teachings of the theologian Imm Ab anfah (c. Learn More. &216; Hanbali, as headed by Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. First, to formulate laws of jurisprudence fi. Shia School. 798) and al-Shaybani (d. The hadith cannon was not taken too seriously by most Muslim scholars until backlash to the oppression of the Hanbalis led to an increased interest in Hanbali ideas. Beyond this, we know that the niqab was the way of the wives of our Beloved Prophet (Allah bless him, his family, companions and those who love them, and give them peace), and the female companions too. SHAFI I SCHOOL OF LAW One of the four systems, or schools, of thought in Sunni Muslim law. There are many scholars of Hadeeth who are affiliated to the Hanafi School and mentioning them requires a whole book. It was built upon the teachings of Abu Hanifa (d. There are many different sects or denominations, schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and schools of Islamic theology, or aqdah (creed). 48 grams of gold or 612. prayer times. Then there are also three Sunni schools of thought about some Aqeedah issues (AthariHanbali, Ashari, Maturidi). It is. In the Hanafi school of thought there is an opinion that the wali is not a requirement for the validity of the marriage. However, the Hanafi School, in no way, gives a green light for sisters to marry themselves without parental approval in all situations, and as such, this position must not be taken as a standard norm upon which marriage contracts are based. Hence, the Hanafi school of thought does not require one to take wudu if there is non-sexual contact with a member of the opposite sex, while the Shafi&39;i school of thought does require wudu before salah and so on. Hanafi School of Thought Maliki School of Thought Shaft School of Thought Hanbali School of. the Imamiyyah Schools consider it as invalid. Hanafi Islam is a madhab, which means a school of thought in Sunni Islam. Hanafis are generally Maturidi. The scholars of the principles of Fiqh have clearly stated that just as a certain amount of knowledge is required for the understanding of the. The Hanafis school of thought have defined offer as the establishment of specific conduct implying the consent which comes from one of the to contracting parties or the person who acts on his. Two of Abu Hanifas disciples, Abu Yusuf (d. In simple terms You have Quran and prophetic tradition and in the early times, many scholars emerged and taught and their teachings became a school of thought because they followed certain methodologies. Showing 1-25 of 25. Hanafi (fiqh) - Barelvi - Deobandi 2. The Hanafi School. In a Nutshell Hanafis have eight sources for deduction of their fiqh namely, Qur&x27;an, Sunnah, qawl al-sahabah (statements of the Companions), ijma (consensus), qiyas (analogy), istihsan (juristic preference), urf (custom) and hiyal shari&x27;ah (legal stratagems). Hence, the comment "We cannot accept the interpretation of the Hadith. According to the Hanafi School of law, the only sea or water creature lawful for consumption is the fish (without any exception). 767), was the founder of the Hanafi school. If my Lord Wills, I will . Within Islamic groups themselves there may be differences, such as different orders (tariqa) within Sufism, and within Sunn Islam. The Hanafi Time is surely wrong. There are four classical schools of thought about fiqh (Hanafi, Hanbali, Shafii, Maliki). Imam Malik Bin Anas is the originator of the Maliki school of thought which is the second school of Islamic legal thought. The Fiqh of Fasting. Providing a comprehensive view of Islam and Muslims to cultivate peace, promote universal values, and dialogue among civilizations since 1995. This school spread the most in the Islamic world and it was followed by a majority of the Muslims. Ahl-i Hadith somewhat identify themselves with the Zahiri school of thought and even Salafi and Wahabi movements have traces of it. Abdur-Rahman Ibn Yusuf. He was native of Koofa city, hence this school is also known as Koofa school. Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam. They are Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafa'i and Hanbali. 45 73 ratings published 2003. Within Islamic groups themselves there may be differences, such as different orders (tariqa) within Sufism, and within Sunn Islam. Abd Allah ibn Abi Musa is a very senior Tabii whose narrations are found in Sahih Muslim, and he is thiqah (Taqrib, no. The students will gain a necessary and detailed understanding of Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) related to the acts of worship, i. Written by Shaykh Mohammad Akram Nadwi, Al-Fiqh Al-Islami is an original masterly composition of the Fiqh (codified legal rulings) of Imam Abu Hanifah and his school of thought. Hanafi is considered more flexible than other approaches to Sharia. Jan 4, 2022 Answer Hanafi is the largest of several interpretations of Islamic law, also known as Sharia. The emergence of these four schools was not aimed to establish divisions within the global. These schools are named after Abu Hanifa, Anas bin Malik, al-Shafii,. Hanafi School is the first and the most popular schools in Muslim law. Points on which there is not dispute among schools of thought. 204 A. Most of the later and modern day Ahnaf , plural of Hanafi follows Maturidi theology. Discarding all the weak hadith and keeping the rest this made up the foundations of this school. Fiqh deals with. The anaf legal school (madhhab) developed from the teachings of the theologian Imm Ab anfah (c. Find a topic youre passionate about,. It is. This school originates from Muhammed bin Irdis Shafi, who was a student of both Imam Malik and Imam Hanafi. Shia School Now today we will discuss on first school of Sunnis The Hanafi School Hanafi School is the first and the most popular schools in Muslim law. So this is something natural. Discarding all the weak hadith and keeping the rest this made up the foundations of this school. The great Hanafi jurist Allaamah Muhammad Amin Ibn Abidin as-Shami rahimahullah collects all these differances of women in prayer en thus concludes, "A woman should raise her hands till her shoulders. Oxford Clarendon, 1979. Hanafi Islam is a madhab, which means a school of thought in Sunni Islam. 7 apr 2017. Showing 1-25 of 25. The first scholar to pay allegiance to this school of thought was Abul Abbas al-Saffah who was the leader of the revolution against the Umayyah dynasty and the founder of the Abbasid Empire. What is the common denomination today · 1. They are Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafa'i and Hanbali. Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi are schools of interpretation of Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic law within the . These four schools recognize each other&x27;s validity and they have. Hanafi madhab, or HanafiteHanafi fiqh, is based on the work of Imam Abu Hanifa, who lived in the late 700s C. &216; Shafi'i, as headed by Ibn Idrees AlShafi'i. As is the question is too broad. These were initiated by eminent Muslim scholars in the first few centuries of Islam. There are three main schools of thought under which various new schools developed over centuries Sunni;. Going to school every day plays an important role in the academic performance of a student. May 28, 2013 The Hanafi School is one of the four major schools of Sunni Islamic legal reasoning and repositories of positive law. His legal thought is very consistent, uses high degree of reasoning, avoids extremes, and lays great emphasis on the ideas of the Muslim community. The permissibility of alcohol was already something of a minority opinion among the Hanafi school, and of course most Muslims disapproved of that opinion somewhat. There are many different sects or denominations, schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and schools of. The Triple Talaq bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha, relating to Muslim women and the protection of their rights on marriage in the Islamic system. Oct 7, 2022 January 2, 2023. Hanafi madhab, or HanafiteHanafi fiqh, is based on the work of Imam Abu Hanifa, who lived in the late 700s C. Hanafi The Quran The sunnah Here they accept khabar al-ahad (simply said a hadith which has at most three different narrators, what is more than that is called mashhur and if there are many narrators we call it sahih) under conditions first the rawy (narrator) himself shouldn&39;t do anything opposed to what was narrated on his authority. 27 set 2004. Then there are also three Sunni schools of thought about some Aqeedah issues (AthariHanbali, Ashari, Maturidi). What is the meaning of Hanafi Hanafi is the oldest school of. Hanafi madhab, or HanafiteHanafi fiqh, is based on the work of Imam Abu Hanifa, who lived in the late 700s C. In the Hanafi school, the face, hands, and feet are not awrah. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. However, wajib actions are still highly recommended and, in the Hanafi school of thought, they are considered obligations upon Muslims i. Then there are also three Sunni schools of thought about some Aqeedah issues (AthariHanbali, Ashari, Maturidi). However, a third school, which is a minority sect exists. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. On the other hand, the contemporary zoologists do not consider. Today's Sehr & Iftar timings for Peshawar. 4 hours ago Emilia Hanafi, 43, said that she chose to work part-time because she had to manage the schooling of her three sons, aged 17, 12 and 10, including dropping them off and fetching them from school. It was built upon the . The Triple Talaq bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha, relating to Muslim women and the protection of their rights on marriage in the Islamic system. The Hanafi School The Imam of this school was called Abu Hanifah, Numan bin Thabit (may Allah have mercy upon him). Shia School. Last words 1- Hanafi Named after the Iraqi scholar Abu Hanifa an-Nau'man (699-767 CE). salah wikipedia. While the governments chief negotiator recently reported some progress on a key issuenamely how to meet the Talibans demand that the Hanafi school of. salat how many sunnat rakats are there in jumma prayer. Teachers of Imam Malik Imam Malik had the honor to. 1)As I came to know that in Hanafi jurisprudence the timings of Asr prayer starts when the shadow of the object becomes equal to twice the length of the object and in other schools of thought the Asr prayer starts with when the shadow of the object becomes equal to the length of the object. However, the recorded position since the earliest times is that it is necessary. The emergence of these four schools was not aimed to establish divisions within the global. Lesson 1 Introduction & Foundational Personalities in Hanafi School 1. Imam Shafii, on one hand, is a student of Imam Malik, he learnt the Fiqh Maliki and Hijazi thoughts from him. Tied to a vast network of madrasas training students in Hanafi legal thought, their Hanafi-only demand is an assertion of institutional as well as discursive power stretching far into the future insisting on a narrow framework for talksand, thus, outcomesthey hope to skew the pitch in Doha to ensure that, in the long run, the language of. It should be noted that ahkam-i shar'iyaa falls within the generic rubric of fiqh. Within Islamic groups themselves there may be differences, such as different orders (tariqa) within Sufism, and within Sunn Islam. So Prawns, Shrimps, Lobsters, Crabs and Oysters are all seafood that are halal to eat in Islam. I sometimes come across some Muslims, who are of the opinion, that one should not be. What are the major differences between the Hanafi and Shafii Fiqh (jurisprudence) schools of Islam - Quora Answer (1 of 11) Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds; the praise of Allah and His salvation be upon whom Allah sent as a mercy to the creatures. This is because such explanation is from Maraky al-Falah, which is the explanation of Nur al-ldah. Oct 7, 2022 January 2, 2023. Fiqh Institute is an online institute established to offer many courses for graduated scholars (aalims). This was also the Hanafi response to the hadith indicating the invalidity. Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions. Hanafi madhab, or HanafiteHanafi fiqh, is based on the work of Imam Abu Hanifa, who lived in the late 700s C. Goat and sheep should be over a year old. The other three major schools of Islamic law are Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali. Hanafis are generally Maturidi. The great Hanafi jurist Allaamah Muhammad Amin Ibn Abidin as-Shami rahimahullah collects all these differances of women in prayer en thus concludes, "A woman should raise her hands till her shoulders. The Hanafi school is named after its founder, Abu Hanifa, who was a prominent scholar and jurist in the second half of the 7th century. The Fiqhi rules and matters were first compiled in this school. Hanafi madhab, or HanafiteHanafi fiqh, is based on the work of Imam Abu Hanifa, who lived in the late 700s C. If youre a student of knowledge you will study a madhab to start off but you should not follow everything in that madhab you. The Maliki school of thought was headed by Imam Malik ibn Anas al-Asbahi who lived from 93H to 179H. But other Muslim schools of thought in India argue that the Koran requires a waiting period after each utterance of "talaq. It spans all five pillars of Islam, as well as the topics of slaughtering, ritual sacrifice, and hunting. As a laymen you do not need to follow a madhab but one sheikh or trusted source who gives you fatwas for the issues you are facing. The Hanafi school of thought says that if the state of a substance has changed, then the impure becomes pure. Many scholars of the Arabic language like Imam al-Zabidi, Fayrozabadi and others have considered prawns to be fish. 6 - Imam Muhammad al-Shaybani rh. Within Islamic groups themselves there may be differences, such as different orders (tariqa) within Sufism, and within Sunn Islam. They are Hanafi, Maaliki, Shafa&39;i and Hanbali. Furthermore, it is hoped that our discussions in this paper. Notes in brackets such as (F) are from Faraz Rabbani. Today, the five schools of Islamic thought accepted by all Muslims are the Jafari, comprising 23 of the Muslims; the Hanafi, comprising 31 of the Muslims; the Maliki, comprising 25 of the Muslims; the Shafii, comprising 16 of the Muslims; and the Hanbali, comprising 4 of the Muslims. Within the Shfi&x27; school of thought, the validity of the marriage contract is also conditional upon the involvement of the wal (often rendered as her nearest male relative). Hanafi School. Then there are also three Sunni schools of thought about some Aqeedah issues (AthariHanbali, Ashari, Maturidi). 48 grams and silver is 612. Table of Contents History Beliefs. Early Hanafi scholars were generally of the opinion that it is not required to execute a non-Muslim for blasphemy. If my Lord Wills, I will . By Adil Sadique (6th Year Alim Student, DarusSalam Seminary) The Imms of the schools of jurisprudence differed regarding an adult woman marrying without a guardian (ar. The Hanbali School of Law takes its name from Ahmad ibn Hanbal (died 854), a major theologian of the ninth century. Under this, a man can divorce his wife by uttering Talaq, and it is common among the Hanafi Islamic school of law and many other Islamic schools of thought. Written by Shaykh Mohammad Akram Nadwi, Al-Fiqh Al-Islami is an original masterly composition of the Fiqh (codified legal rulings) of Imam Abu Hanifah and his school of thought. Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam. It should be noted that ahkam-i shar'iyaa falls within the generic rubric of fiqh. The fatwa is given according to the opinion of Imam Muhammad in the Hanafi school of thought. Some people some sects like Ahle hadith , jamat e muslamen and some other sects have did so much propaganda against 4 school of thoughts and people have started thinking that these school of thoughts are useless thing and. Prayer times in Sydney. The Imamiyah observe Such a divorce is not valid under any circumstance. The Hanbali School of Law takes its name from Ahmad ibn Hanbal (died 854), a major theologian of the ninth century. 2 votes and 114 comments so far on Reddit. Today there are four primary Sunni schools of thought, namely Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali. Triple Talaq is a form of divorce that was practiced in Islam, where a man could divorce his wife by pronouncing Talaq (the Arabic word for divorce) three times at different times. Many scholars of the Arabic language like Imam al-Zabidi, Fayrozabadi and others have considered prawns to be fish. Hanafi madhab, or HanafiteHanafi fiqh, is based on the work of Imam Abu Hanifa, who lived in the late 700s C. There are four schools of thought in Islam according to the Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamaa&39;ah and they are all correct. However, unlike Hanafi school, Maliki school does not assign as much weight to analogy, but derives it rulings from pragmatism using the principles of istislah (public interest) wherever the Quran and Shahih Hadiths do not provide explicit guidance. HERE are many translated example sentences containing "HANAFI SCHOOL" - english-urdu translations and. Our Eid Salah Schedule. There are 4 schools of thoughts in Islam which are Hanafi, hanbali, Maliki, and Shafi. Many scholars of the Arabic language like Imam al-Zabidi, Fayrozabadi and others have considered prawns to be fish. Similarly, if a person only owns silver which is. Watch popular content from the following creators Sidra(ninja. Hanafi madhab, or HanafiteHanafi fiqh, is based on the work of Imam Abu Hanifa, who lived in the late 700s C. 7 ott 2020. The Hanafi school of thought is one of the four major schools of thought in Islam. ABU HANIFA Head of AlMadh&x27;hab AlHanafi 80H150H. It is followed by approximately 30 of Muslim population the world over in predominant areas such as Pakistan, Northern Egypt, where the influence of Ottoman Turks was strongest, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, India, The Balkans, Central. Triple Talaq is a form of divorce that was practiced in Islam, where a man could divorce his wife by pronouncing Talaq (the Arabic word for divorce) three times at different times. For Sunnis Hanafi emphasizes the use of reason. 4 hours ago Emilia Hanafi, 43, said that she chose to work part-time because she had to manage the schooling of her three sons, aged 17, 12 and 10, including dropping them off and fetching them from school. Oxford Clarendon, 1979. metropcs iphone 14 pro max, cummins 903 engine specs

The students will gain a necessary and detailed understanding of Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) related to the acts of worship, i. . Hanafi school of thought

These were initiated by eminent Muslim scholars in the first few centuries of Islam. . Hanafi school of thought chatirbate record

Is Deobandi a Hanafi. 030 Emergence of Hanafi school of thought 116 Emergence of Maliki school of thought 135 Reasons for the differences (location and access to the Prophet, companions, hadiths) 327 Interactions between schools of thought 428 Imam ash-Shafi 607 Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal 838 Impact on Diverse Practices 922 Differences do not impact. Learn More. Respect all the Great Scholars of Islam. Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam. Islamic schools and branches have different understandings of Islam. Hanafi is one of the four schools (madhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. I saw a lecture where Bilal Phillips said that there were more than 4 schools of thought. remark The divorce is valid if the divorcer has voluntarily consumed an unlawful intoxicant. Hanafi School or Kufah School. Additional Information. Hanafi School (Koofa School) It is the first and most popular school in Muslim law. The Hanafi school of thought focuses on belief rather than practice in the upholding of Islam. 36 grams of silver) You are allowed to offer. Islamic Law, Hanaf School, Zufar ibn Hudhayl, Analogy, Istisn, . the interpretations of jurists is the most. Within Sunni itself are several different approaches. Ahl-i Hadith somewhat identify themselves with the Zahiri school of thought and even Salafi and Wahabi movements have traces of it. The Hanafi School of Thought and Ahadeeth The contention that the Hanafi school of thought bases its Fatwas upon weak Ahadith narrations is sheer ignorance. Is Bangladesh a Hanafi The majority of Bangladeshis are Sunni, and. VIDEO Register now for free- this is the first course in the Islamic Law (Hanafi) for Seekers series. Sunni Islam is separated into four main schools of jurisprudence, namely, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii, Hanbali. These were initiated by eminent Muslim scholars in the first few centuries of Islam. Each school has different interpretations of the Quran and Hadith, which are the two main sources of Islamic law. For the first time in the English language, the detailed rulings of Hanafi Fiqh alongside the evidences from which they have been derived are presented with meticulous. These principles will also expose how unaware the so-called Followers of Hadiths are. More in. This video will explain the differences in practice between each Sunni school of thought. The Hanafi school consider fard on top, then wajib (close to fard) and then Sunnah. the five schools of islamic thought inquiries about shi. Reflection upon the books of Hanafi Fiqh impartially would leave no room for such an assertion. The other three major schools of Islamic law are Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali. And according to the Hanafi school of thought, all fish are halal to eat. Talking with the Taliban requires talking about Islam. Thabit (80 148 AH), was the first to acquire widespread popularity. Unfortunately, jumping to conclusions concerning the Hanafi point of view without. While the other group, who supported the principle of inheritance came to be known as Shias. Recently, I. Imam Shafii, on one hand, is a student of Imam Malik, he learnt the Fiqh Maliki and Hijazi thoughts from him. It&39;s only the Hanafi school that makes it wjib. 2 Shafi School; 1. 4 hours ago Emilia Hanafi, 43, said that she chose to work part-time because she had to manage the schooling of her three sons, aged 17, 12 and 10, including dropping them off and fetching them from school. salah wikipedia. salat how many sunnat rakats are there in jumma prayer. If youre a student of knowledge you will study a madhab to start off but you should not follow everything in that madhab you. More in. The Hanafi school of thought focuses on belief rather than practice in the upholding of Islam. This arose from the fact that both of Abu Hanifas main students, Qadi Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, held Asr to come in at one shadow length, contrary to their teachers position of two shadow lengths. So, if you&x27;re a Hanafi Muslim and you&x27;re thinking about eating dolphins, there&x27;s no need to worry. The Hanafi School The Imam of this school was called Abu Hanifah, Numan bin Thabit (may Allah have mercy upon him). Promotes Better Hair, Nails, and Teeth. There are many different sects or denominations, schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and schools of Islamic theology, or aqdah (creed). This is because such explanation is from Maraky al-Falah, which is the explanation of Nur al-ldah. The Hanafi school is of the opinion that a written contract is valid provided the bride and the groom are not present together at the place of contract. Islamic modernism is an offshoot of the Salafi movement that tried to integrate modernism into Islam by being partially influenced by modern-day attempts to revive the ideas of the Mutazila school by Islamic scholars such as Muhammad Abduh. On one side is the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence. Nov 4, 2022 The Hanafi School of Thought Inaamiyyah. can a hanafi follow shafi prayer time for asr prayer. All types of fishes are Halal, with the exception of that which dies naturally in the sea without any external cause. prayer, zakat, fasting, and the pilgrimage. Imam Azam Abu Hanifa Mosque, Iraq. Moving on to your second question, the approach to the two theological schools of thought is not the same as the approach to the four. Within Sunni itself are several different approaches. The Prophet had not allowed his words. I reverted to Islam almost 3 years ago and now I feel I need to follow a school of thought. The Grand Mufti is traditionally chosen from the Barelvi school of Sunni Islam. Each school has different interpretations of the Quran and Hadith, which are the two main sources of Islamic law. An example of where an impure substance becomes pure is vinegar which is derived from fermented alcohol but becomes permissible as it undergoes a process of change. the five schools of islamic thought inquiries about shi. 5 - Imam Abu Yusuf rh. He will begin the prayer by reciting Takbir of Tahrimah (Allahu Akbar). The Hanafi School is one of the four major schools of Sunni Islamic legal reasoning and repositories of positive law. 5 cm. It is mostly followed in Turkey, Egypt, Bosnia and other Balkans, the Levant, Central Asia, Morocco, Pakistan and Bangladesh, in addition to parts of Russia, China, and India. The Hanafi Time is surely wrong. This opinion is held by the students of. The Hanafi School of Thought and Ahadeeth The contention that the Hanafi school of thought bases its Fatwas upon weak Ahadith narrations is sheer ignorance. January 2, 2023. 7 apr 2017. History Mughal period. 27 feb 2021. It is. The detailed way of performing the Eid prayer is as follows The Imam will begin the prayer without Adhan or iqamah. Fatima Banafea Islamic Studies 9 12 December 2017 Hanafi School of Thought The Hanafi school is one of the. This video will explain the differences in practice between each Sunni school of thought. Reflection upon the books of Hanafi Fiqh impartially would leave no room for such an assertion. Beyond this, we know that the niqab was the way of the wives of our Beloved Prophet (Allah bless him, his family, companions and those who love them, and give them peace), and the female companions too. The WahabiSalafiTakfiri mindset is hijacking the Hanafi school of thought for the promotion of their own version of Islam. 11 gen 2021. This video will explain the differences in practice between each Sunni school of thought. Imam Malik also has supported this view in one of his sayings and Imam Shafi'i as well in one. The other three major schools of Islamic law are Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali. How do you complete missed rakah in congregation prayer. Oct 7, 2020 However, Hanafism is probably the single most widely followed school of legal thought in contemporary Islam, dominant not only in South and South Central Asia but also much of Eurasia, the Balkans, Egypt, and Turkey (where it formed the official legal doctrine of the Ottoman Empire). . lucid comfort collection