That value covers all available ciphers (A, B, C, D, E, J). Kerberos Encryption Types for Microsoft Windows is decided by the MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes values or the defaults if not set. If you want to verify if you have done a good job with the KSETUP, you can use the ADSIEdit, and verify the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute of the Trust if it is set to 0x1C THE FINAL ANSWER At the end, can I disable the RC4 as an ETYPE for Kerberos on my Windows 10 Clients. failing in updatepresent throwing an exception when attempting to. - Tested browsers - IE 11 & Chrome. Quick Search results (type ahead) Recent Searches; DES. This issue might occur if you do not set the encryption types or you disable the RC4 encryption type on the domain. The default Kerberos Encryption Types for Windows VistaWindows 7 clients is AES256 and Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 clients default. The KDC uses MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes information while generating a Service Ticket for this account. (For Linux installations only) Type the PAM service name. , the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute on user accounts in AD). COM Valid starting Expires Service principal 10302017 120012 10312017 120012 krbtgtEXAMPLE In order to setup Kerberos for our machine, edit the etckrb5 Alternately you can clear network credentials cache using The user provides their password, which will of course not work for domain authentication The user. This issue might occur if you do not set the encryption types or you disable the RC4 encryption type on the domain. public void Register (string dn, string filter, System. Created attachment 9764 supportAESforKerberosSPNs. Review your local security or group policy on the client (BCCA) and server (DC). You could calculate the value based on this blog post or you could use the following decoder ring Decimal Value Hex Value Supported Encryption Types 0 0x0. The encryption algorithms supported by user, computer or trust accounts. Fix Text (F-69723r2fix) Configure the policy value for Computer Configuration >> Windows Settings >> Security Settings >> Local Policies >> Security Options >> "Network security Configure encryption types allowed for Kerberos" to "Enabled" with only the following selected AES128HMACSHA1. Encryption type This is the main name used for this type within MIT Krb5, it's the one you'd configure in supportedenctypes. Returns an array of results indicating the supported encryption types. It might fail after you set the higher 16-bits of the msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute. Figure 2-1 To remedy the issue, set the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute used for ESET Secure Authentication to 0x3F. Microsoft makes no representations about the content of these websites. Services and Computers can automatically update this attribute on their respective accounts in Microsoft Active Directory, and therefore need write access Permission to this attribute. As we know RC4 encryption is insecure and vulnerable and we should not keep our domain controller as vulnerable. o Stefan Metzmacher <metzesamba. Also change the value of computer object in AD for the Windows Server 2003 file server msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attirbute a value of 4. It addresses an issue that might affect authentication. Decided to bang my head against the wall some more this evening on this issue before submitting a ticket. This weekend I tried applying the Jan rollup update to a DC. No, the only solution to continue using Windows 2003 with authentication against DC 2019 after the patch for CVE-2022-38023 is to upgrade to a newer operating system that supports the necessary encryption types. If RC4 is not allowed, then Check the DCs we have in the local site. msDSSupportedEncryptionTypes if (Trust. MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes Tip This answer contains the content of a third-party website. We assume that the whole DC had to be restarted which was not possible at that moment. Encryption type This is the main name used for this type within MIT Krb5, it's the one you'd configure in supportedenctypes. links PTS, VCS area main; in suites experimental; size 184,808 kB; sloc ansic 1,904,049; python 225,390; sh 66,648; xml 52,228. Over the past few weeks, I&x27;ve been looking to update some of our older white papers on core storage topics. We had paused updates on our DCs after the November update broke Kerberos for us. How to login easier Let me give you a short tutorial. Even I manually change this attribute for Vista computers, they set it back to maximum security level (0x1F I&x27;ve enabled audit on read and write this attribute for a one computer object. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40. Implemented on Windows Server 2008 operating system and later. Check Text (C-26839r1chk) Analyze the system using the Security Configuration and Analysis snap-in. 1 and Windows Server 2012 R2. This account cannot be deleted, and the account name cannot be changed. 2022-03-02 Kerberos Encryption Types for Microsoft Windows are decided by the MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes values or the defaults if not set. I set the Security Policy "Network security Configure Encryption types allowed by Kerberos" to AES256HMACSHA1. When selecting a compatible session key the KDC will evaluate the client request and the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute of the target account. One customer received from the security team the request to disable the RC4 ETYPE (Encryption Type) for Kerberos for the windows 10 Clients, so the support team have created a GPO to disable this Etype, without thinking too much about the consequences. The defaulttktenctypes value in the Kerberos configuration profile specifies the encryption types to be used for session keys in initial ticket-granting tickets. Lets get some variables. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. To check whether your SharePoint server is configured to only support AES encryption types or newer types On the server, start the Local Security Policy Editor. For User accounts I think there are tick boxes you can use in the Account tab in the Options list. However the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute was changed in Windows 7 and 8 computer objects only. Also change the value of computer object in AD for the Windows Server 2003 file server msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attirbute a value of 4. Upon running the scan again, i noticed one device came back, so I edited the attribute again. 15 April 29, 2021 This is a security release in order to address the following defect CVE-2021-20254 Negative idmap cache entries can cause incorrect group entries in the Samba file server process token. Also change the value of computer object in AD for the Windows Server 2003 file server msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attirbute a value of 4. Creating an Active Directory connection is required to use SMB in Cloud Volumes Service. Hey, Scripting Guy We have an FTP site that I have to use on a regular basis. If you are curious, you can check in ADSIEdit to look at the setting. I&39;ve also changed the msds-supportedencryptiontypes to 0x4 (RC4) on the AD object of the 2003 server. As we know RC4 encryption is insecure and vulnerable and we should not keep our domain controller as vulnerable. Another possible issue is that an application could have hard-coded Kerberos encryption types. But please keep in mind this is temporary workaround and we should not place it as permanently. 0, along with Kerberos based authentication. TCheck the use of Kerberos with weak encryption (DES algorithm) (S-DesEnabled) TDC Vulnerability (SMB v1) (S-SMB-v1) Provisioning,. It starts with by enumerating LDAP to find a custom LDAP attribute on one of the users to gain initial access to SMB shares. I want to continue developing StandIn to teach myself more about Directory Services. Home; How To&x27;s. &39;msds-supportedencryptiontypes&39;) Get-ADEncryptionTypes -Value (int Trust. Hi everyone, Recently, one thing really puzzled me. User accounts have the attribute msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes that gives. I would expect some errors running that. I was able to get the upgradeprovision to run to. It might fail after you set the higher 16-bits of the msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute. We had paused updates on our DCs after the November update broke Kerberos for us. This value is used to determine which encryption types AD will offer to use, and which encryption types to put in the keytab. With the above information, simply create a spreadsheet with the AD attribute as the column headings, fill in the appropriate values for the contacts, save it as a CSV file then use the csvde command below to import. cs Project kazuki-maFSCX. I&39;ve also changed the msds-supportedencryptiontypes to 0x4 (RC4) on the AD object of the 2003 server. samba 23A4. Thanks, for your mention of kvno 0 and dsiabling DES it now also works on. Follow the steps below Sign out of your user account and sign back in. MSDS on Macbook Pro. The legislation was. The KDC uses MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes information while generating a Service Ticket for this account. That value covers all available ciphers (A, B, C, D, E, J). After we changed the login to LDAPAuthentication2 we could log in. Hi everyone, Recently, one thing really puzzled me. The KDC uses this information while generating a service ticket for this account. Services and computers can automatically update this attribute on their respective accounts in Active Directory, and therefore need write. The DES and RC4 encryption suites must. Contribute to jeremytsActiveDirectoryDomainServices development by creating an account on GitHub. COM), need to use the default Parent-Child trusts, but this trusts by default uses RC4 as ETYPE for Kerberos. The legislation was. However here recently we&39;ve been working on enhancing our GPO. Most of the properties returned by the Get-ADTrust command map to the TrustAttribute attribute of the TDO object, so the table below shows which values of the TrustAttribute map to corresponding Get-ADTrust Property. just bashed my head against the KrbException "KDC has no support for enryption type (14)" for several days in sequence. Net sample code. WMI query - sample windows WQL with VB. This had no effect, even after restarting the KDC distribution center service. AES encryption is defined in Kerberos RFC-3962. 7 that define the encryption types supported by this trust relationship. If your environment has a group policy that restricts the client machine (running BCCA) to only use certain Kerberos encryption types such as AES-128 and AES-256 to talk to the domain controller (s. For Computer objects you I think can control this via the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute which depending on the value will enabledisable different encryption options, if you read the blog post here it describes what values you can use. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58. Initially this was. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40. If false, the msds-supportedEncryptionTypes is not set. We had paused updates on our DCs after the November update broke Kerberos for us. I was able to get the upgradeprovision to run to. After that we faced some other 7MTT migration issues, but in the end we managed to use Kerberos authentication from NFS clients. After I added the &39;KrbtgtFullPacSignature&39; registry dword with a value of 2. 1 and Windows Server 2012 R2. "24 is just the AES 128 and 256. StandIn is a small AD post-compromise toolkit. After installing the July 13, 2021 Windows updates or later Windows updates, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption will be the preferred method on Windows clients when using the legacy MS-SAMR protocol for password operations if AES. The MSDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes parameter is only supported in Windows Server 2008 and later versions, so it cannot be used to. Samba 4. The November and Jan 2023 updates, according to MS break Kerberos in situations where you have set the This account supports Kerberos AES 256 bit encryption or This account supports Kerberos AES 128 bit encryption Account Options set (i. Fix Text (F-69723r2fix) Configure the policy value for Computer Configuration >> Windows Settings >> Security Settings >> Local Policies >> Security Options >> "Network security Configure encryption types allowed for Kerberos" to "Enabled" with only the following selected AES128HMACSHA1. We would like to show you a description here but the site won&x27;t allow us. Service Ticket encryption type - When a service ticket is requested, the domain controller will select the ticket encryption type based on the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute of the account associated with the requested SPN. Create a new keytab file with the ktpass command. If the realm is a KILE implementation that uses Active Directory for the account database, the server SHOULD ensure that the msDS. We had paused updates on our DCs after the November update broke Kerberos for us. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58. One major difference between PowerView and SharpView is the ability to pipe. However the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute was changed in Windows 7 and 8 computer objects only. 1699 (save 499) Buy Now. It addresses issues that affect the Local Session Manager (LSM). Only a wellknown set of BUILTIN groups can be created with this command. Also change the value of computer object in AD for the Windows Server 2003 file server msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attirbute a value of 4. We assume that the whole DC had to be restarted which was not possible at that moment. 3 msDs-supportedEncryptionTypes. This is the list of currently recognized group names Administrators, Users. See in another language VBScript, C. Reading more in ms-kile and ms-ada2, it doesn&x27;t sound exactly like the description in bug 13135 that msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes only impacts on computer accounts, but rather only impacts when generating service ticket for an account. Last name,OUTest,OUContacts,DCdomain,DCcom. MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes Tip This answer contains the content of a third-party website. failing in updatepresent throwing an exception when attempting to. For security reasons, I need to check The other domain supports Kerberos AES Encryption for the trust. Basically, the attribute values need to. It might fail after you set the higher 16-bits of the msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute. The Key Distribution Center (KDC) uses this information while generating a service ticket for this account. Modifying CIFS security "is-aes-encryption-enabled" fails since the RPC call fails. Enumeration on SMB discovers VNC credentials that can be decrypted using IRB. COM), need to use the default Parent-Child trusts, but this trusts by default uses RC4 as ETYPE for Kerberos. Set-ADObject cmdlet in Active Directory modifies the properties of an Active Directory object. This weekend I tried applying the Jan rollup update to a DC. com&39;s msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes. Windows 8. However here recently we&39;ve been working on enhancing our GPO. Adjust the settings accordingly to your requirements. Created attachment 9764 supportAESforKerberosSPNs. I've had this domain around since Server 2003 (mixed mode) and have upgraded over the years with each successive release of Windows, just to give you a perspective on how old this domain is. This issue might occur if you do not set the encryption types or you disable the RC4 encryption type on the domain. Weitere Informationen Schlieen. The support team created a GPO to disable the RC4 Etype on Windows 10 Clients by using this GPO The GPO was applied in the IT. MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes Tip This answer contains the content of a third-party website. KRBTGT is also the security principal name used by the KDC for a Windows Server domain, as. These Large Integers are signed numeric values of 8 Byte (64 bit) - those are often called Integer8 values for this reason. The clients have all been updated to Windows 10 from Windows 7 in the past couple of weeks. Most of the properties returned by the Get-ADTrust command map to the TrustAttribute attribute of the TDO object, so the table below shows which values of the TrustAttribute map to corresponding Get-ADTrust Property. Most notably, was the introduction of support for NFS v41 in vSphere 6. Get a specified instance of dsuser by a key, get a default unnamed instance (singleton) of the class or list instances of the class by wmi query using this VB. I did change the CFLDAP call to use 389 as a test (I know it isn&x27;t secure) and it worked. 0, along with Kerberos based authentication. Check the security policy on the Exchange server. SharePoint administrator can add a new user profile property, which can be mapped to an AD attribute. set ADGroups to do shell script "dscl " & quoted form of nodeName & " -read. It might fail after you set the higher 16-bits of the msds-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute. After I added the &39;KrbtgtFullPacSignature&39; registry dword with a value of 2. Bundle Price (USD) 499 (save 99) Buy Now. Service Ticket encryption type - When a service ticket is requested, the domain controller will select the ticket encryption type based on the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute of the account associated with the requested SPN. Last name,OUTest,OUContacts,DCdomain,DCcom. Future encryption types. The KDC uses MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes information while generating a Service Ticket for this account. 3 msDs-supportedEncryptionTypes. hostnamectl set-hostname <server FQDN>. according to this other msdn blog all computer accounts have this attribute, but legacy systems (pre Vista2008) do not populate it. mail ; Manager. Net, DSmsDSSupportedEncryptionTypes property of dsuser. 5, we also added Kerberos integrity checking. In this case, we have done all the OpSec checks. Performing the PS command "Set-ADComputer NFS-KRB-NAME -KerberosEncryptionType AES256,AES128" on one DC for the server (SVM) and one test client solved it for us. batman and harley quinn movie download mobil xnxx porn big ass com. Microsoft makes no representations about the content of these websites. The MSDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes parameter is only supported in Windows Server 2008 and later versions, so it cannot be used to. However the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute was changed in Windows 7 and 8 computer objects only. For example, user profile property "First Name" is mapped to "givenName" in AD which is a "string (Single Value)" type If you want to add a new user profile, go into the Add User Profile Property page by clicking "New Property. Zide Door in Oakland, reviews by real people. For Computer objects you I think can control this via the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute which depending on the value will enabledisable different encryption options, if you read the blog post here it describes what values you can use. MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes Values. It addresses an issue that might affect authentication. But please keep in mind this is temporary workaround and we should not place it as permanently. 4P6 7-Mode support Kerberized NFS with AES encryption types. momo house akron, unf graduate programs
Hello all,Has anyone else come across this AD attribute msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes - being enabled to support DES when adding policy . . Msdssupportedencryptiontypes
adcli is a command line tool that can perform actions in an Active Directory domain. It starts with by enumerating LDAP to find a custom LDAP attribute on one of the users to gain initial access to SMB shares. The default is the current user unless the cmdlet is run from an AD PowerShell provider drive in which case the. Navigate to Local Policies -> Security Options. Services and Computers can automatically update this attribute on their respective accounts in Microsoft Active Directory, and therefore need write access Permission to this attribute. The KDC uses this information while generating a service ticket for this account. Search PowerShell packages S. If the value for "Network Security Configure encryption types allowed for Kerberos" is not set to "Enabled" with only the. The following Powershell code will create the Semi-Privileged user taking into consideration Standard user (non-Privileged user) exists. We assume that the whole DC had to be restarted which was not possible at that moment. completion by removing these from the deltas. Type the Kerberos realm name. Link your MSA service account to the target computer. The data in the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute (MS-ADA2 section 2. Microsoft makes no representations about the content of these websites. Also change the value of computer object in AD for the Windows Server 2003 file server msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attirbute a value of 4. , the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute on user accounts in AD). Windows Configurations for Kerberos Supported Encryption Type 2. NET port that provides all of the PowerView functions and arguments in a. In AD, the Default Domain Policy, Default Domain Controller Policy, and the administrator account I&x27;m using to join the Arch instance to the domain all have the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute set to integer 28, which specifies support for RC4HMACMD5, AES128CTSHMACSHA196, AES256CTSHMACSHA196,. If an alternative is preferred, the Canary can always be locally joined to a. It addresses issues that affect the Local Session Manager (LSM). Thanks, for your mention of kvno 0 and dsiabling DES it now also works on. I&39;ve also changed the msds-supportedencryptiontypes to 0x4 (RC4) on the AD object of the 2003 server. Enter your Username and Password and click on Log In. Possible values for this parameter are None DES RC4 AES128 AES256 None, will remove all encryption types from the account which may result in the KDC being unable to issue service tickets for services using the account. If i run your script, i would expect, that this server is shown but i get this result If u run the command. Some information - vCenter 6. NET assembly. Single Administrator License - Permits one person to install and use this software without any restrictions. This weekend I tried applying the Jan rollup update to a DC. It addresses issues that affect the Local Session Manager (LSM). The November and Jan 2023 updates, according to MS break Kerberos in situations where you have set the This account supports Kerberos AES 256 bit encryption or This account supports Kerberos AES 128 bit encryption Account Options set (i. attribute (MS-ADA2 section 2. WMI query - sample windows WQL with VB. Filter uses PowerShell syntax. The November and Jan 2023 updates, according to MS break Kerberos in situations where you have set the This account supports Kerberos AES 256 bit encryption or This account supports Kerberos AES 128 bit encryption Account Options set (i. Connect to your device&x27;s configuration interface over Bluetooth. This weekend I tried applying the Jan rollup update to a DC. The msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute uses a single HEX value to define which encryption types are supported. sudo realm join <domain name> -U &x27;<AD username><FQDN>&x27; -v. Among the 46 men included a high school football coach, a youth. 247 MONITORING & REMEDIATION FROM MDR EXPERTS. In the Kerio Connect administration interface, go to Configuration > Domains. Navigate to Local Policies -> Security Options. Only a wellknown set of BUILTIN groups can be created with this command. I&39;ve also changed the msds-supportedencryptiontypes to 0x4 (RC4) on the AD object of the 2003 server. The MSDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes parameter is only supported in Windows Server 2008 and later versions, so it cannot be used to. The following global options can be used -D, --domain domain The domain to connect to. Read Don&x27;t miss. adcli is a command line tool that can perform actions in an Active Directory domain. Lets think about finding a single user Get-ADUser -LDAPFilter " (samAccountNameRichard)". When developing detections based around a technique or a pattern of events, detection engineers have to consider if the highly precise analytics in place cover all of the known iterations for an attack technique. The API used for user authorization may. 2 minutes to read. Windows Configurations for Kerberos Supported Encryption Type 2. 04 server, to the existing Samba AD DC forest in order to provide a degree of load balancingfailover for some crucial AD DC services, especially for services such as DNS and AD DC LDAP schema with SAM database. The reply-encrypting key the KDC uses this to encrypt the reply it sends to the client. The November 8, 2022 and later Windows updates address security bypass and elevation of privilege vulnerability with Authentication Negotiation by using weak RC4-HMAC negotiation. 8, 2020-04-02, Jorge de Almeida Pinto MVP-EMS - Fixed an issue when the RODC itself is not reachableavailable, whereas in that case, the source should be the RWDC with the PDC FSMO - Checks to make sure both the RWDC with the PDC FSMO role and the. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58. I have multiple physical and virtual servers on a company domain. It addresses an issue that might affect authentication. You should be all set to successfully join the Canary to the Domain with a regular user account. If the realm is a KILE implementation that uses Active Directory for the account database, the server SHOULD ensure that the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute (section 2. com and child2. The MSDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes parameter is only supported in Windows Server 2008 and later versions, so it cannot be used to. kyoryuu senki. sh that sets the msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes attribute to signal the KDC that this service account supports AES. MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes Tip This answer contains the content of a third-party website. But please keep in mind this is temporary workaround and we should not place it as permanently. Computer accounts however lack this attribute unless. This issue might occur if you do not set the encryption types or you disable the RC4 encryption type on the domain. With the above information, simply create a spreadsheet with the AD attribute as the column headings, fill in the appropriate values for the contacts, save it as a CSV file then use the csvde command below to import. No, the only solution to continue using Windows 2003 with authentication against DC 2019 after the patch for CVE-2022-38023 is to upgrade to a newer operating system that supports the necessary encryption types. Adjust the settings accordingly to your requirements. This issue might occur if you do not set the encryption types or you disable the RC4 encryption type on the domain. The final step is to Kerberoast the specific user that we have in mind. However, StandIn quickly ballooned to include a number of comfort features. PARAMETER msDSSupportedEncryptionTypes. c (samba-4. Overview Kerberos Encryption Types are defined in an IANA Registry at Kerberos Encryption Type NumbersThese are signed values ranging from -2147483648 to 2147483647. With 15 years experience as an IT and 5 years on. This weekend I tried applying the Jan rollup update to a DC. Detection Engineering with Kerberoasting Blog Series Post 1 Capability Abstraction; Post 2 Detection Spectrum; Introduction. AES encryption is defined in Kerberos RFC-3962. The encryption mode is essential to creating the right set of keys for service principals in the local keytab of a host. Over the past few weeks, I&x27;ve been looking to update some of our older white papers on core storage topics. Kerberos Encryption Types for Microsoft Windows are decided by the MsDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes values or the defaults if not set. it is based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in ciphertext stealing (CTS) mode with a Secure Hash Algorithm (HMAC SHA-1) checksum for integrity. Select the Trusts tab, highlight the trust, and then click the Properties button. An example of the server log file. The default Kerberos Encryption Types for Windows VistaWindows 7 clients is AES256 and Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 clients default. Here&39;re some articles related to attribute"msDS-SupportedEncryptionTypes 1. . kotor 2 mods